As a result of acts of forcible rape and forcible incestuous rape in which children were conceived, certain genetic variants were inserted, deleted, and amplified within the population of enslaved American Negroes. Steven J. Micheletti et al., Genetic Consequences of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Americas, 107 American Journal of Human Genetics 265, 270–274 (2020); Katarzyna Bryc et al., The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans Across the United States, 96 American Journal of Human Genetics 37, 42–43, 49 (2015); Fouad Zakharia et al., Characterizing the Admixed African Ancestry of African Americans, 10 Genome Biology R141 (2009); and Joanne M. Lind et al., Elevated Male European and Female African Contributions to the Genomes of African American Individuals, 120 Human Genetics 713, 716–720 (2007).
Some of these genetic variants have contributed to, are contributing to, and continue to contribute to genetic-based diseases, conditions, and health challenges in the descendants of enslaved American Negroes. Nathan Nakatsuka et al., Two Genetic Variants Explain the Association of European Ancestry with Multiple Sclerosis Risk in African-Americans, 10 Scientific Reports (October 9, 2020).
To read Defendant's Motion to Dismiss (filed on January 14, 2026) click here.
To read Plaintiff's Response in Opposition to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss (filed on February 10, 2026) click here.
To read Defendant's Reply to Plaintiff's Opposition to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss (filed on February 23, 2026) click here.
Awaiting the Court's ruling on Defendant's Motion to Dismiss.